Fig. 2

A graphical representation of the GBLD metric approach. A It depicts three lineage trees exhibiting variations in both the weights and lengths of branches. The weights of the nodes are symbolized by circles, wherein larger circles correspond to higher node weights, while smaller circles signify lower weights. Different paths connecting nodes i and j in trees \(T_{1}\), \(T_{2}\), and \(T_{3}\) are depicted using distinct colors; notably, the path in tree \(T_{1}\) is green, in \(T_{2}\) it is blue, and in \(T_{3}\) it is pink. B It represents the extracted data from lineage trees in the form of weight vectors and branch length matrices. C It displays the status of missing nodes in the context of comparing lineage trees. Vectors and matrices, upon manipulation that involves the incorporation of absent nodes, are prepared for pairwise subtraction