Fig. 1

The schematic shows a model cell lineage tree, where the dashed lines and circles are “fake” edges and vertices, respectively. If we assume a mutation occurs on any non-fake edges with equal probability (as in [24]), then the probability of a mutation on any solid edge will be 1/11. Mutations cannot occur on any of the dashed edges. Data are generated from this model cell lineage tree in two steps. First, mutations arise on the tree under the IS model, producing data matrix G. Second, false positives (0 flips to 1; shown in red), false negatives (1 flips to 0; shown in blue), and missing values (0/1 flips to ?; shown in grey) are introduced to G under the UEM model, producing data matrix D